A Hyacinth is any plant of
genus Hyacinthus, which are bulbous herbs formerly placed in the lily family
Liliaceae but now regarded as the type genus of the separate family
Hyacinthaceae. Hyacinths are native to the eastern Mediterranean region east to
Iran and Turkmenistan. They are named after the Hyacinth from Greek mythology.
Hyacinths are sometimes associated with rebirth. The Hyacinth flower is used in
the Haftseen table setting for the Persian New Year celebration Norouz held
during the Spring Equinox. The prophet Mohammad is reported to have said “If I
had but two loaves of bread, I would sell one and buy hyacinths, for they would
feed my soul.”
Only three species are currently recognised within the genus Hyacinthus. They
are:
Hyacinthus litwinowii
Hyacinthus orientalis - Common, Dutch or Garden Hyacinth
Hyacinthus transcaspicus
Some authorities place H. litwonowii and H. transcaspicus in the related
genus Hyacinthella, leaving Hyacinthus as monotypic.
The Dutch, or Common Hyacinth of house and garden culture (H. orientalis,
native to southwest Asia) was so popular in the 18th century that over 2,000
cultivars were cultivated in the Netherlands, its chief commercial producer.
This hyacinth has a single dense spike of fragrant flowers in shades of red,
blue, white, or yellow. A form of the common hyacinth is the less hardy and
smaller blue- or white-petalled Roman hyacinth of florists. These flowers should
have indirect sunlight and are to be moderately watered.
The related grape hyacinths (Muscari), sometimes called baby's-breath, are
very low, mostly blue-flowered plants similar in appearance to hyacinths and are
also commonly cultivated.
Several types of brodiea, deathcamas, squill, and other plants that were
formerly classified in the lily family and have flower clusters borne along the
stalk also have common names with hyacinth in them.